The study of communication is important, because every administrative function and activity involves some form of direct or indirect communication. Whether planning and organizing or …

A basketball bracket pool; and your secretary may tell you a funny story. From these examples, it is easy to distinguish between two basic types of communication that occur in school …

Mutual adjustment exists when work is coordinated through informal communication. Mutual adjustment or coordination is the major thrust of Likert’s (1987) “linking-pin” concept.

ABSTRACT There are a number of fundamental questions that help determine the development and implementation of a plan for instruction. Regardless of definition or approach, curriculum …

ABSTRACT Power is the ability to influence others. One of the most influential theories of power comes from the work of French and Raven, who attempted to determine the sources of power …

sion making; communication flows in all directions; and fluidity of tasks adaptable to changing conditions. The most distinc difference between the two organizational structures is based on …

Need theories of motivation (Alderfer, 1972; Herzberg, 1968; Maslow, 1970; McClelland, 1976) attempt to explain what motivates people in the workplace. Expectancy theory is more …

ABSTRACT Organizational culture is the set of shared beliefs, values, and norms that influence the way members think, feel, and behave. Culture is created by means of terminal and …

whereas management is about coping with complexity (Kotter, 1987). For Kotter, the leadership process involves (a) developing a vision for the organization; (b) aligning people with that …

Organizational development (OD) is a set of planned-change techniques or interventions designed to improve organizational effectiveness and employee well-being (Balzac, 2011). …