The 35-year-old saga of Kryptos, an enigmatic sculpture containing four encrypted messages outside the CIA headquarters, just ...

Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

How does one crack the world’s most famous code? The breakthroughs on Kryptos provide a guided tour through the cat and mouse game between code makers and code breakers that has defined information ...

The message is called the plaintext because it is the unchanged source information. Example: The cat ran away. The secret message generated is called a cipher or ciphertext and it is the encrypted ...

You can make a message secret in countless different ways. One common way is to use a substitution cipher, in which one letter is substituted for another. Another is to employ a transposition cipher, ...