Mechanisms of biomineralization—the physiological formation of mineral crystals to build structural tissues such as bone or mollusc shells—provide a framework for interpreting pathological crystal ...

During the formation of tissues, cells organize collectively by cell division and apoptosis. The multicellular dynamics of such systems is influenced by mechanical conditions and can give rise to cell ...

Common symptoms of a spinal fluid leak are head pain, nausea, and neck stiffness. The outlook for someone with a spinal fluid leak is typically good. It often heals itself with no long-term ...

Bands of scar tissue that join two parts of tissue together that would otherwise not be physiologically joined together constitute adhesions. These abnormal connections have a plastic wrap appearance.

After a spinal cord injury, nearby cells quickly rush to action, forming protective scar tissue around the damaged area to stabilize and protect it. But over time, too much scarring can prevent nerves ...