On the basis of three physical axioms, we prove that if the choice of a particular type of spin 1 experiment is not a function of the information accessible to the experimenters, then its outcome is ...

Most physicists now take the view that quantum physics is irreducibly non-deterministic and that nature is fundamentally ruled by chance. Those who still hope otherwise — inspired by the earlier ...

(1) For the cryptocurrency wallet that generates individual keys, see crypto wallet. (2) A condition in which different results may be achieved from the same input. "Stochastic methods" are always non ...

Alvin Plantinga, echoing a worry of Charles Darwin which he calls 'Darwin's doubt', argues that given Darwinian evolutionary theory our beliefs are unreliable, since they are determined to be what ...

Deterministic, non-destructive seal integrity testing delivers validated, quantitative results. Learn why this method ...