Some ideal operational amplifier (often op-amp or opamp) configurations assume that the feedback resistors exhibit perfect matching. In practice, resistor nonidealities can affect various circuit ...

Again, the combination of resistors, in series or parallel, results in a combined tolerance equal to the resistor tolerance. For a divider, the result is not as ...

Author Mazi Hosseini describes a simple, low-cost, voltage-controlled current source using two op amps that provides a good range of current and maximum load. One challenge in circuit design is ...

Noise is all around us, and while acoustic noise is easy to spot using our ears, electronic noise is far harder to quantify even with the right instruments. A spectrum analyzer is the most convenient ...